21. Problems – solutions – Motorways help people travel quickly and cover long distances but they also cause problems. What are the problems of motorways and what are solutions?

AGREE – DISAGREE (VIẾT THEO 1 PHÍA ĐỒNG Ý / KHÔNG ĐỒNG Ý)

STRUCTURE: 2551

TYPE 1: ONE-SIDED ESSAY

Introduction Exact paraphrase the Question [1] Many believe that S + V

It is a common belief that S + V

Answer the Question [2] From my perspective, I completely agree/ disagree with this view for several reasons.
BODY 1 REASON A [3] Topic sentence 1: The first argument given to support my opinion is that S + V
  [4] 1.1 Supporting Idea 1 (In fact, S + V)
  [5] 1.1 Examples/ Explanations
  [6] 1.2 Supporting Idea 2
  [7] 1.2 Examples/ Explanations
BODY 2 REASON B [8] Topic sentence 2: Another rationale behind my belief is that S + V
  [9] 2.1 Supporting Idea 1
  [10] 2.1 Examples/ Explanations
  [11] 2.2 Supporting Idea 2
  [12] 2.2 Examples/ Explanations
CONCLUSION Paraphrase the Answer [2] [13] In conclusion, I strongly believe that S + V

 

AGREE – DISAGREE (VỪA CÁI NÀY VỪA CÁI KIA)

STRUCTURE: 2551

TYPE 1: BALANCED ESSAY

Introduction Exact paraphrase the Question [1] Many believe that S + V

It is a common belief that  + V

Answer the Question [2] While I think S + V, I disagree with the view that S + V/ I still believe that S + V
BODY 1 SIDE A [3] Topic sentence 1: It is true that S + V
  [4] 1.1 Idea 1:

To begin with, S + V

  [5] 1.1 Examples/ Explanations (Cause – Effect)

 

  [6] 1.2  Idea 2

Another reason worth mentioning is that S + V

  [7] 1.2 Examples/ Explanations (Cause – Effect)
BODY 2 SIDE B [8] Topic sentence 2:

Nevertheless, I would argue that S + V because of several reasons.

  [9] 2.1 Idea 1

The first reason to be given is that S + V

  [10] 2.1 Examples/ Explanations (Cause – Effect)
  [11] 2.2 Idea 2

Moreover, S + V

  [12] 2.2 Examples/ Explanations (Cause – Effect)
CONCLUSION Paraphrase the Answer [2] [13] In conclusion, despite the fact that S + V (Side A), I am of the opinion that S + V (Side B)

ADVATAGES AND DISADVANTAGES (VỪA NÀY VỪA KIA)

Introduction Exact paraphrase the Question [1] Paraphrasing
Answer the Question [2] This/ Doing this can have both benefits and drawbacks.

Although this can have several benefits, its drawbacks should also be put into consideration

BODY 1 ADVANTAGES [3] Topic sentence 1:

On the one hand, there are several advantages which can be reaped from + N/V-ing, (the most important of which are N1 + N2)

On the one hand, there are several advantages of N/V-ing.

  [4] 1.1 Idea 1: Advantage 1

First, S + V

  [5] 1.1 Examples/ Explanations/ Results

 

  [6] 1.2 Idea 2: Advantage 2

Another benefit could be that S + V

  [7] 1.2 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
BODY 2 DISADVANTAGES [8] Topic sentence 2:

On the other hand, V-ing/Noun can still have several downsides, (which are worth being considered)

  [9] 2.1 Idea 1: Disadvatge 1

One of the main issues is that S + V

  [10] 2.1 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
  [11] 2.2 Idea 2: Disadvantage 2

In addition, S + V

  [12] 2.2 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
CONCLUSION Paraphrase the Answer [2] [13] In conclusion, despite benefits that can be derived from N/V-ing, it still has several drawbacks.

 

ADVATAGES AND DISADVANTAGES (VIẾT CÁI NÀY HƠN CÁI KIA)

Introduction Exact paraphrase the Question [1] Paraphrasing
Answer the Question [2] Although this can have several benefits, drawbacks of it are far more significant
BODY 1 ADVANTAGES [3] Topic sentence 1:

On the one hane, there can be some minor advantages to N/V-ing

  [4] 1.1 Idea 1: Advantage 1

First, S + V

  [5] 1.1 Examples/ Explanations/ Results

 

  [6] 1.2 Idea 2: Advantage 2

Another benefit could be that S + V

  [7] 1.2 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
BODY 2 DISADVANTAGES [8] Topic sentence 2:

On the other hand, N/V-ing can have several downsides that outweigh/overshadow/surpass these benefits

  [9] 2.1 Idea 1: Disadvatge 1

One of the main issues is that S + V

  [10] 2.1 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
  [11] 2.2 Idea 2: Disadvantage 2

In addition, S + V

  [12] 2.2 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
CONCLUSION Paraphrase the Answer [2] [13] In conclusion, despite benefits that can be derived from N/V-ing, it still does more harm than good.

 

 

BOTH VIEWS

Introduction Exact paraphrase the Question [1] There has been a debate on whether S + V
Answer the Question [2] Although it is understandable why some think A (View 1), B (View 2) is still far more significant
BODY 1 VIEW 1 [3] Topic sentence 1:

There are several reasons to justify View 1, (the most important of which are N1 + N2)

  [4] 1.1 Idea 1:

First, S + V

  [5] 1.1 Examples/ Explanations/ Results

 

  [6] 1.2 Idea 2:

Another reason could be that S + V

  [7] 1.2 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
BODY 2 VIEW 2 [8] Topic sentence 2:

Nevertheless, I still side with those who believe that View 2

  [9] 2.1 Idea 1:

This is because S + V

This is due to the fact that

  [10] 2.1 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
  [11] 2.2 Idea 2:

In addition, S + V

  [12] 2.2 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
CONCLUSION Paraphrase the Answer [2] [13] In conclusion, despite acknowledging why some think S + V (View 1), I hold the belief that S + V

 

 

 

 

CAUSES – SOLUTIONS; CAUSES – PROBLEMS; PROBLEMS – SOLUTIONS

Introduction Exact paraphrase the Question [1]  
Answer the Question [2] Given that this can result from many causes, identifying them is key to finding appropriate solutions.
BODY 1 CAUSES [3] Topic sentence 1:

There are several factors resposible for N/V-ing, (the most important of which relate to N1 + N2)

  [4] 1.1 Idea 1: Cause 1 (N1)

First, S + V

  [5] 1.1 Examples/ Explanations/ Results

 

  [6] 1.2 Idea 2: Cause 2 (N2)

Another cause could be that S + V

  [7] 1.2 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
BODY 2 SOLUTIONS [8] Topic sentence 2:

There are also various measures that can be taken (by A and B) to address the situation.

  [9] 2.1 Idea 1: Solution 1 (by A)

First, S + V

  [10] 2.1 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
  [11] 2.2 Idea 2:  Solution 2 (by B)

Another solution could be that S + V

  [12] 2.2 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
CONCLUSION Paraphrase the Answer [2] [13] In conclusion, despite several causes that can lead to N/V-ing, steps can be taken to alleviate this issue

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Introduction Exact paraphrase the Question [1]  
Answer the Question [2] Given that this can result from many causes, identifying them is key to understanding adverse effects from it.
BODY 1 CAUSES [3] Topic sentence 1:

There are several factors resposible for N/V-ing, (the most important of which relate to N1 + N2)

  [4] 1.1 Idea 1: Cause 1 (N1)

First, S + V

  [5] 1.1 Examples/ Explanations/ Results

 

  [6] 1.2 Idea 2: Cause 2 (N2)

Another cause could be that S + V

  [7] 1.2 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
BODY 2 PROBLEMS [8] Topic sentence 2:

There are many problems resulting from N/V-ing, (the most serious of which relate to N3 + N4)

  [9] 2.1 Idea 1: Problem 1 (N3)

First, S + V

  [10] 2.1 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
  [11] 2.2 Idea 2:  Problem 2 (N4)

Another issue could be that S + V

  [12] 2.2 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
CONCLUSION Paraphrase the Answer [2] [13] In conclusion, N/V-ing can result from many causes, and this can impose several problems (on N3 + N4)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Introduction Exact paraphrase the Question [1]  
Answer the Question [2] Given that this can lead to several problems, identifying them is key to finding appropriate solutions.
BODY 1 PROBLEMS [3] Topic sentence 1:

There are several issues resulting from N/V-ing, (the most serious of which relate to N1 + N2)

  [4] 1.1 Idea 1: Problem 1 (N1)

First, S + V

  [5] 1.1 Examples/ Explanations/ Results

 

  [6] 1.2 Idea 2: Problem 2 (N2)

Another problem could be that S + V

  [7] 1.2 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
BODY 2 SOLUTIONS [8] Topic sentence 2:

There are also various measures that can be taken (by A and B) to address the situation.

  [9] 2.1 Idea 1: Solution 1 (by A)

First, S + V

  [10] 2.1 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
  [11] 2.2 Idea 2:  Solution 2 (by B)

Another solution could be that S + V/ Furthermore, S + V

  [12] 2.2 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
CONCLUSION Paraphrase the Answer [2] [13] In conclusion, despite problems (on N1 and N2) that can be imposed by N/V-ing, steps can be taken to alleviate these issues

 

TWO – PART QUESTION

Introduction Exact paraphrase the Question [1]  
Answer the Question [2] This can affect (negatively or positively) in different ways.
BODY 1 PART 1

 

[3] Topic sentence 1:

(Affect in different ways)

  [4] 1.1 Idea 1: Way 1

First, S + V

  [5] 1.1 Examples/ Explanations/ Results

 

  [6] 1.2 Idea 2: Way 2

Second, S + V

  [7] 1.2 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
BODY 2 PART 2 [8] Topic sentence 2:

There are several reasons to justify why this can affect positively/ negatively.

  [9] 2.1 Idea 1: Reason 1

First, S + V

  [10] 2.1 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
  [11] 2.2 Idea 2:  Reason 2

Another reason could be that, S + V

  [12] 2.2 Examples/ Explanations/ Results
CONCLUSION Paraphrase the Answer [2] [13] In conclusion,

 

  OUTLINE 1
[1] Paraphrase
[2] Answer: Problems – solutions
[3] Topic sentence 1: có một số vấn đề liên quan đến việc xây và sử dụng các đường cao tốc (Nói về problem)
[4] Idea 1: highways -> xe chạy tốc độ nhanh
[5] -> nếu mất kiểm soát -> dễ bị tai nạn
[6] Idea 2: chi phí xây dựng cao
[7] Giải thích: thực tế, để xây được -> giải tỏa đường/ mặt bằng + chi phí nhân công/ vật liệu

Kết quả: gây nhiều gánh nặng tài chính cho chính phủ -> thay vào đó chính phủ có thể dùng nó đầu tư những chuyện khác

[8] Topic sentence 2: Có một số giải pháp có thể thực hiện -> giải quyết vấn đề (Nói về solution)
[9] Idea 1: không cho phép người thiếu kinh nghiệm/ say xỉn tham gia vào đường cao tốc
[10] Example: cấm người dưới 18 tuổi vào đường cao tốc/ kiểm tra nồng độ cồn nhiều hơn
[11] Idea 2: hạn chế xây dựng highways mới, thay vào đó khuyến khích sử dụng giao thông công cộng
[12]  
[13] In conclusion,….
TRANSPORTATION

 

(1) The appearance of = the emergence of

(2) Be a higher tendency of: có xu hướng cao hơn của chuyện gì đó

(3) Exhaust emissions: khí thải độc

(4) Cease (v) = Stop + doing something

(5) Erect (v) ≈ Build

(6) Shield (v) ≈ protect

It is clear that the appearance of highways does bring loads of benefits in terms of helping commuters travel faster and covering longer distances. Given that using highways also generates some detrimental impacts, identifying them is key to finding appropriate solutions.

 

There are several issues that originate from using motorways. First, since participants on highways often drive vehicles at a high speed, there would be a higher tendency of accidents, especially for the inexperienced. Consequently, if an accident occurs, it would be more serious and involve many other innocent people. Also to be considered is environmental cost. This is because woodland can be devastated to make way for the emergence of new motorways, not to mention the fact that building highways can encourage citizens to use personal vehicles, which leads to an increase in exhaust emissions like CO2 to environment.

 

Nevertheless, various measures can be taken to tackle these problems. One of them is to reduce the speed limit on highways. It can be non-sense for some people, but statistics on traffic accidents indicate that thanks to setting a lower speed limit of 10 kilometres in the Trung Luong highway, Vietnam has been successful for decreasing the number of accidents happening on this way, while convenience for participants is still ensured. Furthermore, there can be nothing to do with existing highways, but governments should cease allocating money to erect new ones, especially when these new highways are planned to build on woodland. Using public transports should be promoted instead, and those steps help shield green areas and reduce CO2 emissions to environment.

 

In conclusion, although the emergence of highways has brought many broad-based benefits to humans, it is not without problems and steps should be taken to ameliorate these issues.

 

 

 

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